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SepAration incontrolledairspace
InClassC airspace, ATC shall provide separation as follows:
• between IFR flights;
• between IFR andVFR flights;
• between IFR and special VFR flights; and
• between special VFR flightswhen the visibility is less thanVMC.
Additionally, inClassC andClassD airspace:
• at controlled aerodromes appropriate runway separation is applied to all
aircraft; and
• ATCprovides VFR flightswith traffic information onother VFR flights.
Furthermore, when requested, and as far as is practicable, ATCwill provide
VFR flights inClassC airspacewith a suggested course of action to avoid
other VFRflights.
It is the responsibility of the pilot in command to see and avoid other aircraft.
(CAR163A).
SPECIALPROVISIONS
Notwithstanding the general provisions of theprevious paragraphs:
• the separation of aircraft taxiing on themanoeuvring area (which
does not include apron and parking areas) is a joint pilot and controller
responsibility. The pilotmustmaintain separationwhile complyingwith
clearances and instructions;
• in the traffic circuit, pilots are required toposition their aircraft in such a
manner that, while complyingwith clearances and instructions fromATC,
theymaintain the necessary separation fromother traffic;
• separation isnotnormallyprovidedwithina trainingarea incontrolledairspace;
• under certain conditions, the pilot of one aircraftmay begiven the
responsibility for separationwith other aircraft. In this circumstance:
– the pilot is also responsible for the provision ofwake turbulence
separation, except that ATC is responsible forwake turbulence
separationbetween landing aircraft;
– the pilotmust adviceATCwhen he/she is unable tomaintain, or has
lost, sight of the other aircraft;
separation incontrolledairspace
3 – control l ed a i rspace